The largest dinosaurs that ever lived were able to reproduce at high latitudes — or regions far from the equator — and came up with a clever strategy to keep their eggs warm, a study of a trove of titanosaur eggs unearthed in Argentina has revealed.
Most titanosaur eggs and eggshells, like those of other dinosaurs, have been found in lower-latitude regions closer to the equator, where warmer temperatures would have made incubating the eggs easier.
Scientists think these long-necked, small-brained, plant-eating giants — part of a group known as sauropods — lived in herds and may have migrated over long distances, nesting in the same place for millennia.
“We know their bones have turned up in places as far south as Antarctica and southern Argentina, and as far north as Mongolia and Texas,” said Darla Zelenitsky, a paleontologist and associate professor at the University of Calgary in Alberta. Zelenitsky is a senior author of the new research, which published Tuesday in the journal Royal Society Open Science.
“They clearly spent time in higher latitude areas, but until now it wasn’t known whether they were also nesting there,” Zelenitsky added.
Unlike some smaller dinosaur species and birds today, paleontologists are pretty certain titanosaurs did not brood their own eggs. Their huge size “would have turned the nest into one giant omelette,” Zelenitsky said via email.
As such, it’s doubtful that titanosaurs were doting parents. Like most reptiles, they likely laid their eggs and left any resulting offspring to fend for themselves.
Eggs, however, need warmth to develop and hatch, and sunlight is in shorter supply at higher latitudes. The study suggests that titanosaurs found a way to deal with lower temperatures in the planet’s southernmost reaches.
“The most likely scenario is that these titanosaurs laid their eggs in mound nests made of vegetation and soil, where incubation heat came mostly from rotting plant material,” Zelenitsky said.
“Their eggshells were very porous, which means if the eggs were left out in the open, they would lose water, dry out, and the embryos would die. Buried in sand, soil, or vegetation, the nest would stay humid or damp enough for the eggs to survive,” she added.
Nests the size of picnic tables
Researchers discovered the 255 eggshell fragments in the Chorrillo Formation in southern Argentina 200 miles (322 kilometers) north of the Strait of Magellan — the sea route at the southern tip of South America — in 2020 and 2024. They date back 68 million years, when they would have been at latitudes between 55 degrees and 60 degrees south. The clutches of eggs represent the highest-latitude nesting environment known for sauropods worldwide, the study said, and the southernmost definitive evidence of dinosaur eggs.
“What is particularly important about this new discovery, though, is that these dinosaur eggs belonged to titanosaurs, giant potbellied long-necked dinosaurs,” said Steve Brusatte, a professor of paleontology and evolution at the University of Edinburgh. He wasn’t involved in the research.
“Some of the very largest animals in Earth’s history were laying eggs and hatching their babies at high latitudes in the Cretaceous, which is a new fact about dinosaur biology and behaviour that makes us better appreciate their adaptability and resiliency.”
Paul Upchurch, a professor of paleobiology at University College London said that sauropod remains are rare at high latitudes and it had been thought that the giants moved to these areas during warm summers before returning closer to the equator.
“Now that we have eggs from a high latitude, this suggests that they might have stayed there all year, or at least were able to go through their reproductive cycle during the warm part of the year at those high latitudes,” Upchurch, who also wasn’t part of the research team, added.
Titanosaurs include the largest known dinosaurs, with individuals estimated to weigh up to around 75,000 kilograms (more than eight times bigger than a Tyrannosaurus rex). Dinosaur eggs are rare in the fossil record because the eggshell is relatively thin and fragile, and it breaks down quickly into tiny pieces and is difficult to preserve.
It’s not clear to which species of titanosaur the eggs belonged, but teeth found at the same site were those of colossosaurian dinosaurs, some of the biggest titanosaurs although not the largest.
“If these eggshells belong to colossosaurians, the hatchlings had to have had plenty of nutritious food resources in that environment to start packing on the tonnes to eventually reach their colossal body sizes,” Zelenitsky said.
Even though these dinos were huge, their eggs were tiny — about 1/18,000 the size of the adult dinosaur— and could have contained about 4 liters of liquid, with hatchlings weighing around 4 kilograms (about 9 pounds).
Nonetheless, the titanosaur nests would have been large enough to make a distinct impression on the landscape, especially if the dinosaurs nested communally.
“I envision the nest as a picnic table size mound of dirt and vegetation with the egg clutch buried inside … so it probably wasn’t an inconspicuous structure,” Zelenitsky said.

A study on a collection of giantosaur fossil eggs found in Argentina revealed that the largest dinosaurs were capable of reproducing at high latitudes, or areas far away from the equator. They also devised a strategy for keeping their eggs warm.
The majority of titanosaur eggshells and eggs, as well as those from other dinosaurs have been discovered in regions with lower latitudes closer to the Equator where the warmer temperatures could have made it easier for the eggs to incubate.
Scientists believe that these plant-eating, long-necked giants were part of the sauropod group. They may have lived in large herds or migrated long distances.
Darla Zelenitsky is a professor and paleontologist at the University of Calgary, Alberta. “We are aware that their remains have been found in locations as far away as Antarctica, southern Argentina and Texas, as well as Mongolia, in Canada. Zelenitsky, a paleontologist and associate professor at the University of Calgary in Alberta, is the senior author on the research that was published by Royal Society Open Science Tuesday.
Zelenitsky said that they “clearly spent time at higher latitudes, but it was not known until recently whether or not nesting occurred there.”
Paleontologists believe that titanosaurs, unlike some other dinosaur species or birds of today did not lay their own eggs. Zelenitsky wrote in an email that their size would have made the nest look like a giant omelette.
It’s unlikely that the titanosaurs had devoted parents. They likely laid eggs, and then left their offspring on their own.
The eggs need heat to hatch and develop, but sunlight is less abundant at higher latitudes. This study shows that titanosaurs adapted to the lower temperatures at planet’s southmost regions.
Zelenitsky stated that the most probable scenario was that titanosaurs laid eggs in nests of soil and vegetation, with incubation heated primarily by rotting plants.
The eggshells of these birds were porous. This meant that if they were exposed to the air, the eggs would dry up, lose moisture, and die. “If the nest is buried in soil or vegetation or sand it will stay moist or humid enough to allow the eggs survive,” added she.
The size of a picnic table
The 255 fragments of eggshell were discovered by researchers in the Chorrillo Formation of southern Argentina, 200 miles (320 kilometers) north of Strait of Magellan, the route of sea at the southernmost tip of South America. This discovery was made between 2020 and 2024. The eggs date back to 68 million year ago, at a latitude between 55 and 60 degrees South. According to the study, these clutches represent the world’s highest latitude for nesting sauropods, as well as the most definitive proof of dinosaur eggs.
Steve Brusatte is a professor of Paleontology and Evolution at the University of Edinburgh. The research was not done by him.
The Cretaceous period saw some of the largest dinosaurs ever to have lived on Earth laying their eggs at higher latitudes. This is an important new discovery about their biology and behavior that helps us appreciate their resilience and adaptability.
Paul Upchurch is a professor at University College London. He said sauropods are rarely found at higher latitudes. It was thought the giants would move to high-latitudes during the summer months before moving back closer to the Equator.
Upchurch who was not part of this research team added, “Now that eggs have been found from high latitudes, it suggests they may have lived there year-round, or were at least able to complete their reproductive cycle in the warmer months of the year.”
Titanosaurs are the biggest dinosaurs known. Individuals can weigh as much as 75,000 kg (over eight times larger than Tyrannosaurus Rex). The fossil record is rare because dinosaur eggs are fragile and break down into small pieces.
The eggs are not clearly identified, however, the teeth that were found on the site belonged to colossosaurian dinos – some of the largest titanosaurs, although they weren’t the biggest.
Zelenitsky stated that “if these eggshells are from colossosaurians then the hatchlings must have been able to pack on tons of food in this environment for them to reach their massive body size.”
The eggs of these dinosaurs, although huge, were tiny. They were only 1/18th the size of an adult dinosaur. Their liquid content was estimated to be 4 liters, and the hatchlings would have weighed around 9 pounds (4 kilograms).
The nests of titanosaurs would still have made a distinctive impression, particularly if they nested collectively.
Zelenitsky stated that he pictured the nest to be a mound the size of a picnic-table, with the eggs buried within.

Exclusive — DALLAS – In an effort to energize the GOP’s MAGA constituency, the Republican National Committee announced on Tuesday the order of speakers and the times for this week’s inaugural GOP midterm convention. President Donald Trump is the primetime speaker both nights.
The list was first shared with Fox News Digital the night before the convention. According to it, President Obama will give the keynote speech on Wednesday, tentatively set to begin at 9:00 p.m. ET.
Trump’s remarks will follow Vice President JDVance’s second-night keynote address at the American Airlines Center, in Downtown Dallas.
Trump and Republicans have gathered in Texas to hold their historic conference. They are hoping to motivate the GOP’s supporters ahead of the key elections that will decide whether they keep control of Congress. When Trump isn’t on the ballot, Trump supporters are less likely to vote.
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Traditionally, both Democrats and Republicans hold large conventions to nominate candidates during the presidential election year. Trump floated a similar idea last year to highlight the policy accomplishments he, along with Republicans in Congress, have made over the past two-years.
When he announced it earlier this summer, the president called it “a truly Historic Event”, and “a Rally like no other!” When he first announced the convention earlier in this summer.
As Republicans defend their narrow House and Senate majority in midterm elections, they face an energized Democratic Party and stiff political opposition.
Republicans will use this convention as a way to highlight the Democrats’ shift to the left and to tie them to socialist and far-left proposals.
The midterm elections are about our future. “President Donald Trump and Republicans want to bring America into a golden age, while liberal Democrats are out of touch and anti-American and they’re trying to create a failed liberal state,” RNC Chair Joe Gruters said in a Fox News Digital statement.
These 12 midterm races will determine which party controls the Senate
Gruters stressed that the “choice is clear and in November, the American people are going to reject liberal policies” and bring historic victories for Republicans throughout the United States.
The DNC is still in debt, and has decided not to hold a convention similar. They see the GOP gathering as an opportunity to bash Republicans.
The DNC’s Director of Rapid Response, Kendall Witmer, charged that “while everyday Americans are struggling to pay bills, fill their gas tanks or feed their families, Republicans host a multimillion-dollar celebration in order to appease an ageing and unpredictable Trump, and to tie the vulnerable Republican candidates to his failed political agenda ,”,”
Witmer said that Americans don’t desire a “Trumpapalooza” — but rather lower healthcare costs.
It will serve also as the GOP’s final argument before November. The convention will feature Republican candidates who are in the race for Senate Majority.
On the first night, Texas Attorney-General Ken Paxton will be speaking. He is the GOP candidate in Texas, who faces off with Democratic State Rep. James Talarico, in the race for the Republican Senate seat to be replaced by John Cornyn. Former RNC chair Mike Whatley will also speak, as he defends retiring GOP senator Thom Tillis in a battleground state like North Carolina.
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The crowd will hear from Sen. Jon Husted, the Ohio Republican who has been in an intense battle with the former Democratic Senator Sherrod brown, and Rep. Mike Collins, the Georgia Republican challenging Democratic Sen. Jon Ossoff, in the swing state of Georgia.
Mike Rogers, a former Michigan congressman, spoke on Thursday night. He is running against Abdul El-Sayed of the far-left Democratic Party to try and flip a Democrat-held seat.
The battle for the House will feature both incumbents in tight races and those running in competitive contests.
On Wednesday, they included Reps. Monica De La Cruz from Texas, Dershaan Van Orden from Wisconsin, Rob Bresnahan from Pennsylvania, as well as candidates Mike LiPetri and Jay Feely, both of Arizona and New York.
Ryan Mackenzie, Mike Lawler, Greg Cunningham, Derrick Merrin, and Eric Flores are among the House Republican candidates and incumbents who spoke on Thursday.
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According to the RNC’s schedule, Speaker Mike Johnson is scheduled to speak Thursday night.
The RNC’s list of speakers is notable for the absence of Johnson’s Senate colleague, Senate Majority leader John Thune (R – South Dakota). Fox News Digital reports that a source with knowledge of the plans says that Thune is expected to be in Dallas with a busy schedule, including helping Senate candidates raise money.
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Texas Gov. Greg Abbott speaks Thursday. He is running for his fourth term as Governor of the Lone Star State. Ted Cruz, the fiery conservative from Texas who may not be on the ballot for this election but is a possible candidate to run again in the White House 2028.
Some of Trump’s most prominent cabinet members are set to give speeches, including Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent and Attorney General Todd Blanche on Wednesday night, and Health and Human Services Sec. Robert F. Kennedy Jr. on Thursday, the man who led the Make America Healthy Again movement.

Ed Miliband, Foreign Secretary of the United Kingdom said that the decision marked “the beginning of a brand new approach” towards the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict. This “not only condemns injustice and suffering, but also acts”.
In a statement issued jointly with the UK, France and Canada said that the sanctions “mark a new turning point in the way we approach protecting the two state solution.”
Miliband told MPs: “The British Government agrees there has been ethnic cleansing in West Bank areas, committed by terrorist settler settlers.
The Israeli government is guilty of turning a blind-eye to the Palestinians’ forced relocation. Worse, its members have issued statements or taken action to encourage this.
According to him, ethnic cleansing is defined by the UN’s definition as “a deliberate policy by which one ethnic group or religion removes another ethnic group or religion from certain areas by using violent means”.
Miliband stated that Israel’s occupation of West Bank is illegal because it “intensifies its control and extends permanent sovereignty” as well as its “expansionist agenda through the use of illegal settlements.”
This position should reflect in “economic relations” between the UK and the West Bank occupied. It is also in accordance with an advisory opinion 2024 from the International Court of Justice.
He said that the UK would introduce “a comprehensive new sanctions regime” over the course of the next 6 to 9 months.
On Tuesday afternoon, Andy Burnham, the Prime Minister, said that the measures targeted were not “aimed at the Israeli population, but to support the two-state solutions”.
Israel’s foreign minister Saar told a news conference that the UK consulate in Jerusalem, West Bank and Gaza would be closing. “We have many British friends,” he said.
The Labour Party government has consistently acted against Israel and we are left with no other choice than to react to their hostile acts.
Israel had opened tenders to build 1,200 homes for settlements in the E1 zone, a strategic area located east of Jerusalem. International condemnation of the plans has been widespread. Israel has been under international pressure for years to delay plans to build there.
Miliband said that the UK needed a “new approach”, because the plans for E1 in the West Bank “would make a two state solution unviable” as they “cut through the heart” of Palestine.
He also said that the Hamas attack against southern Israel in 2023 which led to the Gaza War had “terrible echos” of centuries of Jewish persecution and Israel has “the right of protecting its people and defending its territory”.
He stated: “International human rights law has clear guidelines for warring states, such as ensuring access to medical and food supplies, avoiding mass displacements of civilians and preventing the use of weapons against civilians. If proven, serious and international violations amount to crimes of war.
The UN Independent International Commission of Inquiry, among others, has examined the events, and the IDF’s (Israel Defense Forces) actions, in detail.
He stated: “My story, along with that of thousands British Jews, is just one of many reasons I tell anyone who doubts Israel’s existence as the homeland of the Jewish people. You are wrong and we will expose you whenever you attempt to erase Israel.”
The UK Chief Rabbi, Sir Ephraim mirvis, said that it was “truly dark for British Jews”, and the sanctions are “little more” than a political banner for anti-Israel propaganda. This would encourage people to “use hate as a tool against Jews”.
Board of Deputies of British Jews (BDBJ) expressed its “deep regret” about the announcement made on Tuesday and called upon both UK and Israeli government to avoid “pursuing party interests above national interest”.
He acknowledged that the illegal settlements are wrong, and that “some Israeli Ministers have engaged in hateful propagandist and incitement”, but he added: “This is not about Israel only and certainly it isn’t about simplifying the complex region into a single phrase.” Unfortunately, this is what the government intends to do.
Israel’s Foreign Minister Saar announced on Tuesday that he spoke with Tugendhat, Tory leader Kemi Bademoth and the Labour party’s hostile announcement of today’s anti-Israel policy.
The Israeli leader also announced that British personnel from the International Gaza Support Center, located in Kiryat Ghat in the south of Israel, would be withdrawn. UK training activities for Palestinian Authority Forces in Judea Samaria (the West Bank) would cease.
Isaac Herzog, President of the nation, said earlier that day the decision “would fall on the wrong sides of history”. He added: “In this context, it’d be an gross interference with the democratic election of a sovereign country.”
US Secretary of state Marco Rubio said that the White House did not comment on the action. He added, “Obviously, we aren’t going to do the same thing as the UK”.
Israel does not accept a solution with two states. Israel says that any settlement should be reached through negotiations with Palestinians and the statehood of the Palestinians is not a prerequisite.
Hamas, a Palestinian militant group that is against Israel’s existence, does not support a solution with two states.
Hamas has said that it would accept a Palestinian interim state with de facto 1967 borders without recognising Israel if the refugees had the right to go home.
Since 1967, when Israel occupied East Jerusalem and the West Bank during the Middle East War, Israel built around 160 settlements that house 700,000. Around 3.3 millions Palestinians also live with them.
Since the Gaza War, which began on October 7, 2023 after the Hamas attack against Israel triggered the war in Gaza, there has been an increase in attacks on Palestinians in the West Bank.

Researchers say that a drug currently being developed for the treatment of a lung disease could also slow down the process of aging.
In a small study conducted by Insilico Medicine, Massachusetts, rentosertib caused changes to blood proteins which made patients appear younger.
After treatment, several tests showed that the biological age of patients was reduced by three to four year.
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Fox News Digital reported that “there is a promising new trend for age reversal, in addition to the treatment of disease,” said Alex Zhavoronkov PhD, co-CEO and founder of Insilico Medicine.
It basically means you will be predicted younger with a valid set of ageing clocks. “We don’t yet know what it means.”
Nature Biotechnology published the results and Monday, at Sorbonne University’s Nature Conference in Paris presented them.
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Researchers caution that the study does not prove yet whether or not this drug will help to reverse aging and make people live longer.
Zhavoronkov said, “It is still early.” The drug is under investigation.
Rentosertib is a type of rentosertib.
Rentosertib, an experimental drug discovered by artificial intelligence and being developed for the treatment of idiopathic lung fibrosis, a severe disease that results in scarring.
The drug changed the patterns of protein in the blood, causing patients to appear three to four or even six years younger.
Six different tests of aging showed that patients taking rentosertib were biologically younger than their placebo-treated counterparts.
After four weeks, patients who took 30mg of the medication twice daily saw the strongest effects.
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Researchers compared their results to data collected from over 55,000 individuals in the UK Biobank and found that several blood proteins changed in the opposite way from the normal aging process.
Researchers also discovered that this drug could affect the rate of aging in cells, since it altered processes associated with how the cells respond and function.
Everyone agrees that everyone should have the right to live longer.
Zhavoronkov explained that the approach of his company uses AI in order to find what it calls “molecular thieves” — biological targets which may be responsible for aging or disease.
Researchers from Insilico Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Stanford University as well as the Broad Institute, RWTH University Aachen University, Peking University, Westlake University, Peking University, as well as Insilico Medicine, participated in this study, which was published by Nature Biotechnology.
Limitations on Study
Zhavoronkov emphasized that these findings were preliminary. He said, “This is just a pilot.” It is exploratory and early.
This study was limited by the size of its sample – only 42 patients over 12 weeks were studied.
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Researchers can use the proteins that researchers measure biological ageing to determine if participants have IPF. It’s therefore possible that improvements in lung diseases were related to changes in blood protein levels.
Researchers acknowledged that their findings do not prove the drug slows down aging or keeps patients healthier for longer.
Rentosertib is not recommended as a treatment for anti-aging because the results are based on only changes in blood proteins.
Side effects and risks
According to Dr. Carol Ann Satler of Insilico Medicine, the senior vice president for clinical development and director of research at Insilico Medicine, rentosertib’s risks and side-effects are “manageable.”
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Some of the most common side effects include mild diarrhea, a slight decrease in potassium in blood levels and temporary elevations in liver enzymes.
Satler, Fox News Digital, said that “once you stop using the drug they will return to their normal state.”
The doctor explained that in the next trial “we’ll adjust the dosage of the drug according to the side effects profile, so people can remain on it for longer.”
Look ahead
According to Insilico, Rentosertib is now in a phase 3 trial that will last a full year and involve more than 300 Chinese patients.
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To determine if the drug has true anti-aging properties and if it could improve health, larger and longer studies involving healthy older adults as well as populations lacking IPF are required.
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Zhavoronkov says that while more research is needed, the results have given him greater confidence in his ability to pursue drugs which could be used against age-related illnesses and even aging.
He said: “Everyone agrees that the right to live longer is a basic human right.”