What is the truth about statins Updated: 09:42 EDT, 31 August 2022 Advertisement
Statins have saved many lives and prevented heart attacks and strokes. The 8 million Brits and 32million Americans who take statins are linked to memory and vision problems. MailOnline was told by Professor Sir Nilesh (medical director at the British Heart Foundation) that statins are a proven and important treatment to prevent coronary heart disease. However, there has been a misperception that statins can cause serious side effects such as muscle aches, memory loss, sleep disturbance, and erectile dysfunction. These complaints are common in the general population due to a variety of reasons. Patients who take statins and experience these symptoms often attribute the statin to their condition, even though it may not be the reason. Statins are a class of pills that stop the liver from producing ‘bad’ cholesterol. Statins are a group of pills that stop the liver from producing ‘bad’ cholesterol, also known as low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. This can lead to heart disease and hardened and narrowedarteries. The tablets cost only 20p per pill and have been proven to be life-saving. In 23 randomised trials, researchers compared side effects among 155,000 patients who received statins and placebos. The history of statins1976Alfred Alberts discovered statins while working at Merck Research Laboratories. Dr Endo discovered it independently for Sankyo within one year. Merck started clinical trials in 1980. However, they were stopped after Sankyo tests on the chemically identical mevastatin proved it to be toxic in animals. Merck resumed clinical development in 1983. 1987 Lovastatin is the first statin approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. Its first year of sales was more than $1billion. It is sold by Pfizer under the name Lipitor. !– ad at https://mads.dailymail.co.uk/v8/us/health/none/article/other/mpu_factbox.html/id=mpu_factbox_1
In total 27.1 per cent of patients on the drugs reported muscle pain or weakness, compared to 26.6 per cent of those who were given the placebo.After the first year of treatment, there was no difference between those given statins and those given dummy tablets.The researchers found stronger doses carried a slightly higher risk of muscle issues, but most cases are mild.They said the results will help patients and doctors ‘make informed decisions’ when considering if they should stop taking their pills — and should continue taking them unless the drugs are proved to cause the pain.Lead researcher Professor Colin Baigent, an epidemiologist at Oxford, said if a patient on statins suffers muscle pain, it is ‘most likely due to other causes’.CataractsStatins have also been linked with an increased risk of developing cataracts.Cataracts are when the lens, a small transparent disc inside the eye, develops cloudy patches. These patches can grow larger over time, causing blurry vision, misty vision, and eventually blindness. This is the most common surgery in the country. Statins are thought to significantly increase the risk of developing cataracts in people over 40 years old. Peking University First Hospital in Beijing, China conducted a major review in 2016 and concluded that there is no evidence to support the claim that statins increase the risk of developing cataracts in humans. The patients were between 30 and 85 years old. The most likely scenario is that there is no association of statin use with cataracts. This should not stop statins from being used in cardiovascular patients because of their many benefits. MailOnline was told by Sir Nilesh that it is unlikely that statin use is linked to cataracts. This should not be a reason to stop statins being used in cardiovascular patients. What are statins? Statins are a group of medicines that can help lower levels of ‘bad cholesterol’ in the blood.Having too much of this type of cholesterol — called low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol — can lead to the thickening of the arteries and cardiovascular disease.Statins work by stopping the liver from producing as much LDL.Previous studies have found that the drug will prevent one heart attack or stroke for every 50 people taking it over five years.The drug comes as a tablet that is taken once a day.Most people have to take them for life, as stopping will cause their cholesterol to return to a high level within weeks.Some people experience side effects from the medication, including diarrhoea, a headache or nausea.People are usually told to make lifestyle changes in a bid to lower their cholesterol — such as improving diet and exercise habits, limiting alcohol consumption and stopping smoking — before being prescribed statins.Advertisement
The warnings were issued by the medicines watchdog because some people taking statins reported experiencing memory-robbing symptoms. However, studies have shown that they can help to reduce the risk of developing the condition in the long-term. High cholesterol is a major risk factor for memory-robbing conditions. Dr Kristopher Swiger from JHU, a cardiologist, wrote the study. “However, our systematic review of existing data and meta-analysis found no association between short-term statin usage and memory loss or other types cognitive dysfunction. “In fact, longer-term statin usage was associated with protection against dementia. Researchers said it ‘makes sense that statins could be protective in the brain against dementia’ because reducing bad cholesterol improves blood flow to the brain.This helps prevent vascular dementia particular, which is usually caused by blockages in small blood vessels in the brain.HeadachesStatins have been widely linked to headaches since they first exploded on the scene.But Sir Nilesh said the symptom may not actually be being caused by the drugs themselves.Much like with muscle pains, headaches are an everyday occurrence that become more prevalent in old age, when people are more likely to start taking statins.He told MailOnline: ‘Headaches are not uncommon symptom in the general population for a whole variety of reasons. Patients who take statins and experience these symptoms often attribute it to statins, even though they may not be the cause. ‘Some researchers suggest that statins should only be prescribed to patients who have migraines. However, this is a false assumption. Statins have been shown beneficial in migraine sufferers, which may be due to the different processes that cause heart attacks and strokes. “DiabetesHealth” chiefs placed safety warnings on statins bottles after concerns that they could increase blood sugar levels. Statins are highly recommended for most patients. The current guidelines for who statins should be recommended reflect the potential side effects and the cardiovascular benefits to patients. ‘Grapefruit Finally, many statin users are warned not to eat grapefruit because of the fruit’s effect on how the body processes the drug.Grapefruit contains chemicals called furanocoumarins, which block an enzyme in the intestine that normally breaks down statins and some other drugs.This means the statins build up in the bloodstream rather than being processed properly, which can increase the risk of other side effects.But grapefruit only appears to have a large effect on certain statin medications, with others seeing little to no problems.Atorvastatin, sold as Lipitor, lovastatin, sold as Mevacor, and simvastatin, sold as Zocor, are the only drugs known to be particularly affected by the chemicals, according to Dr Jorge Plutzky, an associate professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School.In contrast, there appears to be no interaction in people taking fluvastatin (Lescol), pitavastatin (Livalo) pravastatin (Pravachol) and rosuvastatin (Crestor).Sir Nilesh said: ‘If you take simvastatin, you shouldn’t drink grapefruit juice as it increases the concentration of the drug in the blood stream, increasing the risk of side effects. You should limit the amount of grapefruit juice you consume if you are taking another statin.
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