This articleGMFollow your favorite stockCREATE A FREE ACCOUNTUAW Kimberly Fuhr inspects a Chevrolet Bolt EV at the General Motors Orion Assembly Plant, Orion Township, Michigan. Kimberly was a Local 5960 worker who was inspecting the vehicle during vehicle production on Thursday May 6, 2021. Brown and his team reskilled, a popular term for improving job skills. They went back to Orion to train approximately 1,000 workers on the subtle and substantial differences involved in assembling an EV. Part of the changes in workers’ duties were due to retooling the body shop and engine line to accommodate components or production processes distinct from EVs. However, the powertrain, which consists of the engine and transmission is remarkably different. A lithium-ion battery pack is mounted beneath the cockpit to replace a gas-powered engine with multi-speed transmission. This energizes an electric motor that emits zero emissions and a single-speed transmission. Brown stated that instead of putting on a gas-powered engine and multi-speed transmission, a lithium-ion battery pack is installed underneath the cockpit. This packs powers a zero-emissions electric motor and single-speed transmission. The Orion plant continued to build two ICE vehicles, the Chevy Sonic, and the Buick Verano, for three years before switching to the Bolt in 2020. In 2021, the Bolt EUV (electric vehicle) was added. Jack Hund, Orion’s launch manager, said that he has overseen many new model introductions at various GM plants over his 23-year tenure with the company. He said that the Bolt was introduced slowly to the assembly line, which can take up a year as the bugs are worked out. “We know it won’t be easy the first time. Hund stated that we have built more [EV] units in the past. “The people on the line were so familiar with the ICE vehicles that it took them a while to get used to it. They had to learn a new skill set to use the EV. For example, they had to learn how to use torque tools to attach parts to the car using a certain pressure. Brown stated that he has worked in an ICE environment all his career. The big change is the high-voltage electrical cables connections. Brown said that all assembly workers must receive specialized training on how to handle these potentially dangerous connections safely. Brown stated that it takes an electrician more to assemble an EV than a mechanic. GM also provides some workers with a virtual component. Reuben Jones, Orion’s plant manager, said that the system allows workers to work on computers and complete the work in a pre-determined order. “They have mental reps who help them once they reach the line. It is crucial to build vehicles in a safe and quality manner. Virtual training has elevated the process to a whole new level. This saves time, money, and allows us to get the product to market faster. “Another training program is offered at GM’s Technical Learning University in nearby Warren, Michigan. The center, which was recently upgraded, houses manufacturing lab facilities that simulate steps along an assembly line. This includes robotics and sheet metal fabrication. Kimberlea Dungy is the global technology learning lead at TCU. She said that in addition to technical training, the center also teaches “human skills”, which include listening, teamwork, critical-thinking skills, and how to communicate with others. Herbert Diess, Volkswagen Group’s former CEO, stated that EVs require 30% less work than ICE vehicles. This means that fewer jobs will be created. Although this assertion has been repeated by other executives, researchers, no empirical studies have been done to back it up. The UAW, for its part, continues to monitor the matter and is vigilant. UAW’s current contracts, with GM, Ford, and Stellantis (formerly Fiat Chrysler), were ratified in September 2019. They help protect workers at Orion assembly plants that are switching from ICE to EV production. The UAW and each company negotiate to bring large EV-related investments to current UAW-represented facilities in order to preserve jobs there and offer reskilling opportunities. Mary Barra, GM CEO, stated that “we’re allocating EVs and components for EVs into the existing footprint. That’s something that we’ll continue doing. It’s not only an advantage due to the workforce, but also because we have the facility. “Historically, there has been anxiety about the loss of jobs. But since EVs have found their ways into the Big Three [assembly plant] plants, we’re learning more about them,” David Michael, UAW Local 5960 communications coordinator, said. Orion has not lost any jobs due to EV production, he stated. In fact, he says, “we see the increase in jobs.” Michael answered a question about the fate of workers whose jobs were specialized in ICE vehicles and are no more needed. He said that they “are now either driving EVs, building EV components or doing other work. They are all fine. We had an assembly line that saw [ICE] engines drop, but now they have electric drivetrains. Orion’s future prospects of job retention and hiring are promising after GM announced earlier this month that it will increase Bolt production from almost 44,000 units this year to more like 70,000 by 2023. Getty ImagesNonetheless, the Orion assembly plant is scheduled for another major makeover. In January, GM announced that it would invest $4 billion in the Orion assembly plant to retool it. This time, it will produce all-electric models for the Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra, and other pickups to compete against the Ford F-150 Lightning. Orion’s new jobs will be filled by a mix of GM transferees as well as new hires. This latest transition will require a reskilling of Orion’s workforce. “We have a core group working on the electric pickups, interacting avec engineers and suppliers to learn how they will be assembled,” stated Tom Wickham, senior manager of manufacturing communications at GM, in an email. As they did with previous launches, the core group will eventually train the rest of Orion’s team before we start regular production of Silverado & Sierra EVs. “GM also announced that it will partner with South Korea’s LG Energy Solution in the manufacture of EV batteries. This investment will create more than 1,700 jobs. Bloomberg reported in July that laborers at the Ultium Cells plant near Lordstown, Ohio earn an average of $22 per hour, compared with the $32 hourly wage earned by traditional UAW assembly workers. According to Reuters, Ultium stated that it respects workers’ rights to unionize and the efforts by the UAW or other unions to organize battery-cell manufacturing worker at our manufacturing sites. Gordon Lafer, director of the Labor Education and Research Center at University of Oregon in Eugene, stated that “One of the things that I’ve been watching is whether some employers within the [auto] sector are going to use this shift to EVs as an opportunity to lower the pay and benefits and quality of job opportunities.” It’s not clear what the job quality will be. “Concerns over the impact of EVs upon jobs and facilities were a contentious issue during 2019 contract talks between GM & the UAW. This resulted in a six-week UAW strikes at GM plants. The work stoppage cost GM almost $2 billion in lost production, and nearly $1 billion in wages for employees. Both sides agreed to convert GM’s Detroit-Hamtramck facility, which was slated to close, into EV production. Factory ZERO is now the name of the facility that produces the electric Silverado, Sierra pickups, and the electric Hummer. The UAW’s contract to GM expires next spring and production of EVs and batteries will be back on the agenda. Michael said, “It will definitely be a focal point of those negotiations.” The UAW leadership is focused on EVs, and where that work will go. We have a union-friendly president [Biden] that’s passed great legislation that has helped the automakers’ transition into EVs. So we’re going do everything we can leverage every job in America. “Join Us October 25-26, 2022 for the CNBC Work Summit — Dilocation, Negotiation and Determination: The World of Work Right now. Register at CNBC Events