The historic Vance-Ghalibaf talks must overcome profound mutual distrust. Ten hours earlier. Lyse Doucet, Chief International Correspondent (Islamabad). EPA. If and when a photo is snapped this weekend of US Vice-President JD Vance alongside Iran’s Parliamentary Speaker Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf in Islamabad, it will be historic. That encounter would represent the highest-level direct talks between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the United States since the 1979 Islamic Revolution destroyed their close strategic alliance, leaving a lingering shadow over relations even now. The two men may not smile. They might not even shake hands. It wouldn’t ease this troubled relationship or reduce its hostility. But it would signal that both sides aim to end a war rippling shocks globally, avert a riskier escalation, and pursue diplomacy for a deal. There’s no chance, however, of US President Donald Trump’s hopeful forecast of a “peace deal” during this fragile two-week ceasefire—its terms were disputed and violated from the instant it was announced earlier this week. Even at the eleventh hour, Iranians left everyone in suspense about attending, while Israel insisted there would be no ceasefire in Lebanon. Yet if serious, ongoing talks begin, it would represent the most significant effort since Trump withdrew from the prior landmark nuclear deal in 2018, in his first term. He rejected what was broadly regarded as the Obama administration’s foremost foreign policy achievement, calling it the “worst deal in history.” Those negotiations, marked by endless rounds of progress and setbacks over nearly 18 months, marked the final high-level talks between then-US Secretary of State John Kerry and Iran’s then-Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif. Thomas Imo/Photothek via Getty Images. Since then, initiatives—including those under US President Joe Biden—have achieved minimal progress. “Sending higher-level officials and the high risks of failure for everyone involved might create new opportunities that didn’t exist previously,” says Ali Vaez of the International Crisis Group, who has tracked the issue’s complexities for years. However, he warns, the situation remains “exponentially more challenging.” The divide between the parties is still enormous, with profound mutual distrust. For Tehran, that chasm feels particularly immense following the abrupt derailment of their previous two negotiation rounds—in June 2025 and February this year—by the initial strikes of a US-Israeli conflict. Contrasting styles. And when they do talk, their negotiating styles are polar opposites. Trump boasts of having the best dealmakers in his special envoy Steve Witkoff, a former property developer, and his son-in-law Jared Kushner, his go-to during his first term when the Abraham Accords normalized relations between Israel and several Arab states while sidelining the Palestinians. But Iran, now viewing these envoys as too close to Israel, insisted on raising the engagement level