As hard as it can be to admit, you can have a stroke. Your loved one can have a stroke. Statistically, someone in the United States has a stroke every 40 seconds; every 3 minutes and 14 seconds, someone dies of a stroke. It’s not a concern to ruminate on, per se, but one to be mindful of.
For example, you might avoid habits that can increase the risk, such as being sedentary, smoking, ignoring health concerns and drinking alcohol. Knowing the clear signs of a stroke — illustrated by the BE FAST acronym — is smart, too. BE FAST stands for (problems with) balance, eyesight, facial drooping, arm weakness, speech and time or terrible headache.
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However, there’s also a super random, surprising sign of a stroke that many people don’t know, according to vascular surgeons: hiccups.
Ahead, experts explain how hiccups can be a sign of a stroke, other commonly missed signs and when to see the doctor about this seemingly “harmless” symptom.
How Hiccups Can Signal A Stroke
To understand why hiccups can be a sign of a stroke, it’s important to understand exactly what hiccups are — particularly, how they’re connected to the brain.
“Hiccups are caused by involuntary contractions of the diaphragm, coordinated by a reflex arc involving the brainstem, particularly the medulla,” said Dr. Christopher Yi, a board-certified vascular surgeon at MemorialCare Orange Coast Medical Center in Fountain Valley, California. “In rare cases, a stroke affecting this region — most classically a lateral medullary (Wallenburg) stroke — can disrupt that reflex and trigger persistent hiccups.”
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Usually, hiccups aren’t so concerning. You might get them after eating too fast, moving too quickly after eating or drinking a carbonated beverage. But if a stroke in the brainstem is causing the hiccups, they need to be taken more seriously.
“In rare cases, hiccups can be linked to a stroke — specifically a stroke affecting the brainstem,” said Dr. Adeel Popalzai, a vascular neurologist and stroke program director at Pomona Valley Hospital Medical Center. “The brainstem is involved in the hiccup reflex pathway. When a stroke disrupts this area, it can cause persistent, uncontrollable hiccups that don’t respond to usual remedies.”
Yi affirmed that persistent hiccups have been documented in posterior circulation strokes, which affect the back of the brain. They also don’t always cause one-sided weakness (a classic symptom of a stroke) and rather present with more subtle symptoms. This makes hiccups an early and arguably clearer clue, especially when present with other neurologic abnormalities.
That last piece is vital because otherwise, a lot of us would get unnecessarily nervous when we get the hiccups, right?
“It is important to remember that hiccups alone are almost never a stroke, but persistent hiccups with other symptoms can be a warning sign,” Popalzai stressed.
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Other Commonly Missed Signs Of A Stroke
Hiccups aren’t the only symptom of a stroke that often goes ignored, especially with posterior circulation strokes.
“Many people expect a stroke to look dramatic, but some of the most dangerous strokes — especially those in the back of the brain — can present with subtle or misleading symptoms,” Popalzai warned.
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The vascular surgeons listed the following symptoms:
Sudden dizziness, vertigo or a spinning sensation
Trouble walking, or loss of balance or coordination, which can look like clumsiness, intoxication, veering to one side, difficulty standing or coordinating movements and generalized weakness
Visual disturbances, such as double vision, trouble focusing or loss of part of the visual field
Difficulty swallowing
A sudden, severe headache (particularly in hemorrhagic strokes) — it can signal a brain bleed
Nausea and vomiting, especially when combined with dizziness or imbalance
Sudden confusion or trouble understanding, which can present as difficulty processing information or following a conversation, and may appear as disorientation or memory trouble
“These symptoms are often missed because they don’t fit the ‘classic’ stroke picture, but they are just as important,” Popalzai said.
When To Go To The Doctor About Hiccups or Other Stroke Symptoms
Since hiccups are usually no big deal (well, other than being super annoying), how do you know when you’ve got a normal bout of the hiccups versus a stroke?
According to Yi, consider medical evaluation “when they persist for more than 48 hours, become severe or disruptive or occur in conjunction with neurologic symptoms.” Examples of the latter are the same as above: dizziness, vertigo, difficulty walking, imbalance, double vision, slurred speech and trouble swallowing.
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Popalzai agreed it’s best to focus on the context and associated symptoms. He encouraged calling 911 immediately if you or a loved one experiences those signs. Additionally, having a stroke risk factor, such as high blood pressure, diabetes, heart disease, smoking or a prior stroke, is also a reason to call the doctor ASAP.
“When symptoms are sudden and unusual, it’s always better to err on the side of caution and seek medical attention,” he added.
Yi emphasized the timely nature. “When hiccups present suddenly with any of these neurologic findings, the situation should be treated as a potential stroke emergency, and immediate medical attention is warranted, as timely intervention can significantly improve outcomes,” he said.
The bottom line is that while most hiccups are harmless, they can signal a stroke when accompanied by other brain-related symptoms. Don’t let an unexpected sign of a stroke convince you that a stroke isn’t at play. Take it all seriously.
“Acting fast can save brain function, independence and life,” Popalzai said.
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CHICAGO — West Nile virus-positive mosquitoes have been reported in Chicago for the first time this year, the Chicago Department of Public Health announced Friday.
Mosquitos can transmit the potentially serious virus to humans via bites, but no cases of West Nile have been reported in humans in Chicago this year, according to a city health department news release.
In mid-May, the state’s health department reported West Nile-positive mosquitos had been found elsewhere in Illinois.
Most mosquitoes do not carry the virus. The risk of getting West Nile via mosquito bite is highest June through October, during peak mosquito season, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Most people infected with the virus don’t feel sick, but about 1 in 5 people develop a fever and flu-like symptoms, according to the city health department. Severe illness can occur in 1 in 150 people, mostly in people older than 55 who have weakened immune systems.
Symptoms — which typically show two to six days after an infected mosquito bite — include fever, headache, body aches, vomiting, diarrhea and rashes, according to the CDC. Some people who get the virus will feel fatigued and weak for months, and people with severe cases can die or may need hospitalization.
While most people with mild illness recover completely, fatigue and weakness can last for weeks or months. Severe cases can also impact the central nervous symptom and result in hospitalization or death.
There aren’t licensed medications or vaccines to prevent or treat West Nile virus, according to the CDC and Chicago Department of Public Health, so preventing mosquito bites is the best way to protect yourself.
“One of the best ways for Chicagoans to have a safe and healthy summer is by protecting themselves from mosquito bites,” Dr. Janna Kerins, Chicago Department of Public Health medical director, said in a press release.
According to the department, Chicagoans can prevent mosquito bites by:
Using EPA-registered insect repellent according to its label instructions.
Wearing long-sleeved shirts and pants when outside between dusk and dawn.
Making sure windows and door screens don’t have holes.
Using air conditioning at home if possible to control mosquitos indoors.
Keeping grass and weeds short to eliminate hiding places for mosquitoes.
Emptying items that hold water like flowerpots or birdbaths once weekly.
The Chicago Department of Public Health has a “robust program to prevent and control” West Nile Virus, according to the agency. This includes treatment of over 80,000 catch basins — or specialized storm drains that collect surface water — with larvicide, doing weekly collecting and testing of mosquitoes, spraying to kill adult mosquitoes and monitoring infections in humans.

Another California resident tested positive for the bacteria Rickettsia lanei, as confirmed by The California Department of Public Health. This marks the fourth verified case of human infection since 2023.
Scientists first discovered the novel tick-borne bacteria in 2018 in Sonoma County, home to California’s sprawling wine country. It wasn’t until the first case in 2023, however, that researches found out that humans could also be infected.
Rickettsia lanei, named after UC Berkeley professor Robert Lane, can cause extreme symptoms like fever, skin lesions, coma, acute kidney injury, brain inflammation, and more. It has been characterized as very similar to Rocky Mountain spotted fever, an illness with a fatality rate of 5-10% that thousands of Americans contract each year.
Since Rickettsia lanei is a newly emerging pathogen, it’s still unknown just how deadly this new variant of the spotted fever group actually is. Two of the initial, unidentified patients survived after falling into a coma and spending weeks in the hospital. Both cases occurred in Northern California and were part of a scientific study looking into the new disease.
The bacteria are carried by young, host-seeking rabbit ticks along the California coastal counties. Three of the four known cases have occurred in California, though information about the exact whereabouts is still not public knowledge. Men’s Journal reached out to The California Department of Public Health, but did not receive any further information regarding the natural habitat of potentially infected rabbit ticks, also called Haemaphysalis leporispalustris.
Public health officials first confirmed the new case to SF Gate, but did not share any further details on the demographics of the patient or in what part of the state that they were initially infected.
Publicly available data shows that the counties where infected ticks have been found are mainly Northern California coastal counties like Sonoma and Contra Costa. These San Francisco adjacent counties are known for having large grassy areas where rabbit ticks thrive.

NEED TO KNOW
A California resident died from leptospirosis after living in an RV infested with wild rats
The bacterial disease, spread through infected animals’ urine, is very rare in humans but can spread through contact with infected body fluids
Berkeley, Calif., city manager Paul Buddenhagen said there is very little risk to public health, as person-to-person infection is extremely uncommon
A California resident has died after coming into contact with several rats.
On June 10, Berkeley city manager Paul Buddenhagen warned of the existence of leptospirosis in some of the city’s rats after the first human death was linked to the rare disease last month, per his memo shared with Berkeley officials on June 10. Though leptospirosis poses very little public health risk, Buddenhagen proposed several measures to increase awareness and research around the city’s rats to prevent future infections.
Leptospirosis is a treatable bacterial disease that is spread through the body fluids of infected animals and can be contracted if humans come into contact with infected body fluids, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
The risk of a human contracting the disease is higher for people experiencing homelessness or living in a space with rats or animal urine, per the CDC. This was likely the case with the Berkeley individual who died of leptospirosis, and their living partner who also contracted the disease, Buddenhagen wrote.
“Both individuals lived together in a recreational vehicle in which they had been trapping, feeding and breeding wild rats,” Buddenhagen wrote in the memo. “In addition, the vehicle was severely infested with wild rats that were not in cages.”
Both of the residents in the RV, parked near the Harrison Street encampment, grew sick, but neither sought out medical treatment “for weeks and possibly months.” Both were eventually transported to a hospital to receive care.
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One individual died not long after they were hospitalized, Buddenhagen wrote, while the other recovered with treatment.
During their hospitalization, Alameda County Vector Control laid rat traps in and around the RV and sealed the vehicle, only opening it to remove the dead rats. They repeated the process several times over many days until they were certain no rats remained, and then the vehicle was towed and destroyed.
“Continuous trapping and testing by Alameda County Vector Control revealed a persistently high prevalence of leptospirosis in wild rats around the RV, exceeding expected urban baselines,” the memo read.
Buddenhagen reiterated that there is an “extremely low” risk to the public, and the recent death was the result of an “extreme situation.” Person-to-person infection is rare, and there have been no recorded cases at the Harrison Street encampment and no evidence of transmission from rats to other animals.

NEED TO KNOW
A California resident died from leptospirosis after living in an RV infested with wild rats
The bacterial disease, spread through infected animals’ urine, is very rare in humans but can spread through contact with infected body fluids
Berkeley, Calif., city manager Paul Buddenhagen said there is very little risk to public health, as person-to-person infection is extremely uncommon
A California resident has died after coming into contact with several rats.
On June 10, Berkeley city manager Paul Buddenhagen warned of the existence of leptospirosis in some of the city’s rats after the first human death was linked to the rare disease last month, per his memo shared with Berkeley officials on June 10. Though leptospirosis poses very little public health risk, Buddenhagen proposed several measures to increase awareness and research around the city’s rats to prevent future infections.
Leptospirosis is a treatable bacterial disease that is spread through the body fluids of infected animals and can be contracted if humans come into contact with infected body fluids, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
The risk of a human contracting the disease is higher for people experiencing homelessness or living in a space with rats or animal urine, per the CDC. This was likely the case with the Berkeley individual who died of leptospirosis, and their living partner who also contracted the disease, Buddenhagen wrote.
“Both individuals lived together in a recreational vehicle in which they had been trapping, feeding and breeding wild rats,” Buddenhagen wrote in the memo. “In addition, the vehicle was severely infested with wild rats that were not in cages.”
Both of the residents in the RV, parked near the Harrison Street encampment, grew sick, but neither sought out medical treatment “for weeks and possibly months.” Both were eventually transported to a hospital to receive care.
Never miss a story — sign up for PEOPLE’s free daily newsletter to stay up-to-date on the best of what PEOPLE has to offer​​, from celebrity news to compelling human interest stories.
One individual died not long after they were hospitalized, Buddenhagen wrote, while the other recovered with treatment.
During their hospitalization, Alameda County Vector Control laid rat traps in and around the RV and sealed the vehicle, only opening it to remove the dead rats. They repeated the process several times over many days until they were certain no rats remained, and then the vehicle was towed and destroyed.
“Continuous trapping and testing by Alameda County Vector Control revealed a persistently high prevalence of leptospirosis in wild rats around the RV, exceeding expected urban baselines,” the memo read.
Buddenhagen reiterated that there is an “extremely low” risk to the public, and the recent death was the result of an “extreme situation.” Person-to-person infection is rare, and there have been no recorded cases at the Harrison Street encampment and no evidence of transmission from rats to other animals.